Assisted Suicide - Ramon Sampedro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assisted Suicide - Ramon Sampedro - Essay ExampleHe jumped into the sea and struck his idea on the bottom of the sea, making him paralyzed. Ramona Maneiro was involved in the last step of the process of assisted suicide that led to the death of Ramon Sampedro. It is evident that Maneiro had a role and ethical right to facilitate Sampedros assisted suicide. In as much as the concept of assisted suicide presents several challenges, it is authoritative to acknowledge the importance of adhering to the needs of the victims while adhering to the tenets of the law. Maneiro acted based on love by agreeing to participate in assisted suicide. She noned 7 years later that she acted based on love. Maneiro had a relationship with Sampedro that lasted for more years. After living a bedridden life, Sampedro began struggling for his right to cease his life. The only someone who could deduct his mooring and challenges was Maneiro. It is essential to note that Sampedro could not commit suicide by himself because of his quadriplegic condition (Manning 21). Maneiro acted by following(a) the utilitarian and Kantianism principles. The principles of utilitarianism dictate that human actions should lead to happiness (Manning 41). By assisting Sampedro in committing suicide, Maneiro was accomplishing her obligations of ensuring that her fellow human was ameliorate of pain and suffering that he was experiencing. For 29 years, Sampedro lived a life of suffering following his paralysis. He had to see on other people for basic human activities and needs. He lived a bedridden life discompose with an excruciatingly painful and terminal condition that left him permanently incapable of living a dignified human life. In order to assist Sampedro in committing suicide, Maneiro was accomplishing her obligations under utilitarianism. Sampedro looked forward to a life of cheer and minimum suffering. However, his quadriplegic state could not let him live such a life. Having lived with S ampedro for many years, Maneiro understood his situation and experiences. Additionally, Sampedro mercifully begged for an end to his painful life. Maneiro could not turn down these pleas given the fact that she knew him and understood his suffering. It would boast been cruel and inhumane for Maneiro to turn down such pleas from a suffering man. According to the requirements for compassion, an individual should sustain and comply with the pleas of a suffering person. Additionally, Sampedro has moral rights to ask for an end of his life. Additionally, Maneiro has the moral right of helping soulfulness overcome the suffering in his life. The two individuals realise a right to choose freely and not inflict harm in each others life. Sampedro indicated expressly that he wanted an end to his life. The right of free choices included the right to end ones life when necessary. Additionally, a person needs to opt to end his life (Manning 17). In my opinion, Maneiro chose to respect the wis hes of Sampedro to end his life. Opponents of the actions taken by Maneiro argue that the society has a right to protect the life of anybody. This means that Maneiro failed to protect the life of Sampedro. Additionally, they state that Maniero should have played a role in preserving the life of Sampedro. Therefore, assisting Sampedro in committing suicide violates the fundamental roles and duties of respecting and preserving life.This means that a society committed to protect and preserve life should not destroy it (Manning 21).

Marketing plan for Cheerios Cereal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

market placeing plan for Cheerios Cereal - Essay Example.................................................................................. Environment.................................................................................................................... jam Analysis............................................................................................................... Super SWOT Analysis.................................................................................................... Overall Strategic Objectives........................................................................................... Strategic Focus................................................................................................................ Objectives....................................................................................................................... Corporate Objectives....................................................................................... ............... Marketing Objectives...................................................................................................... The Marketing Mix .................................................................................................... Product............................................................................................................................ Place................................................................................................................................ ... ................................................................................................ physiologic Evidence........................................................................................................... Processes......................................................................................................................... Segmentation.................................................................................................... ............... Targeting......................................................................................................................... Positioning ................................................................................................................. Tactics............................................................................................................................. Communication Tools..................................................................................................... Resource Requirements .............................................................................................. Proposed Pricing Model.................................................................................................. Monitoring...................................................................................................................... Bibliography........................................................................................... ......................... Appendix 1 External Audit............................................................................................ Appendix 2 Market Environment .............................................................................. Appendix 3 Industry

Contract law exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract law exam - Essay ExampleMistake is another vitiating factor and it has be operative in order to render a scale down void or voidable At common law it will render the constringe void ab initio and nullify any lieu passed or obligations created.Mistake at equity may make the contract voidable for mistake which means that the contract has an option of being avoided and will be The law relating to mistake is not statutory and can be inferred from a number of fictional character law.It has often been stated that the categorization of the types of mistake etc is confusing and should be reformed.The put up of mistake is that if the contract is void at law then the t here is no remedy of special performance available either.(Nutt v Read (1999) The Times, December 3.)Consideration is an integral part of a contract essentially what really makes an agreement a fully enforceable contract.It has been defined in many case law authorities such as the statement of Lush J. in Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Exch 153 around right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to sensation party, or some forebearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other.Another has been given by Frederick Pollock, approved by Lord Dunedin in Dunlop v Selfridge Ltd 1915 AC 847, is as followsAn act or forebearance of one party, or the omen thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable.Consideration is called executory where there is an exchange of promises to perform acts in the future and if one party makes a promise in exchange for an act by the other party, when that act is completed, it is kill devotion.The court will however not inquire into the quantity or value of consideration here (Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd 1959 2 All ER 701.).Secondly the law as it stands requires that the consideration must move from the promisee or that it was provided for him.Finally it does not have to move to the promisor.(Price v Easton (1833) 4 B & Ad 433).. Books consultedGibson, A & Fraser, D 2007, Business Law, 3rd edition, Pearson Education, AustraliaD.G.Cracknell(2001)Obligations Contract Law ,Old Bailey

Assignment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment - Lab motif ExampleThe main attributes of a catalyst are a. It is not used up during the answer and discharge be recovered at the end of the chemical reaction. b. It also lowers the activation energy for the chemical reaction to birth products. 4. Explain burn out chromatography? How does it work? Chromatography in general is a laboratory technique for separation of mixtures. gaseous state chromatography is an analytical technique that involves separation of substances by analyzing the volatility of the components of the mixture. It works by having a stationary bod contained in columns like capillary tube or test tubes coated on their walls. The mobile variant which is the more volatile substances moves past the stationary phase. Sensitive electronic detectors or sensors installed in the device detects and identifies the assorted gases composed in the mixture as they travel along the column and emerge out of the tube. maculation of substances creates peaks as out puts which can be used for the analysis. The following questions can be answered after the experiment 5. Did the reaction between acetic virulent and ethanol lay down ethyl acetate? Explain how you used chromatographical data to analyze the esterification reaction. The reaction between acetic acid and ethanol was able to yield ethyl acetate. This was observed through the fruit flavor smell that was produced during the experiment. Based on the data gathitherd from gas chromatography, the first set of peaks created without the esterification process, were made as standards to identify the three substances acetic acid, ethanol and ethyl acetate. each substance has unique peaks to identify them from each other. When esterification was done, it was observed that there is dominant presence of the ethyl acetate based on the output peaks. The rates were different for every test tube. The results of chromatographic data showed that there are more peaks identified as ethyl acetate. There fore, esterification process is taking place producing ethyl acetate. 6. key 3 ways you could modify the experiment to push the reaction to favor the products more? For the reaction to produce more of the products which is ethyl acetate, these 3 ways can be done a. Add more of the reactant such as ethanol. This can push for the reaction to yield more products since there are more reactants for the reaction to eliminate. b. Addition of catalyst. For esterification, concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as catalyst can facilitate the reaction to run a risk thus, more products will be produced. c. Higher temperature can speed up the reaction rate for high-velocity production of more products. 7. Why do you need to make a hole in the Parafilm? What would happen if you did not make this hole? Esterification process involves formation of CO2. This gas is released as alcohol and carboxylic acid react with each other to produce H2O and ester. The hole made in the Parafilm will go along p ressure build up inside the test tube. Without the hole, gas particles are trapped inside. Too frequently pressure built up can cause bursting of the

5. Strategic management- evaluation of the article Coursework

5. Strategic management- evaluation of the word - Coursework ExampleCoordination of individual can be done effectively over several miles geographic locations ar not a limitation. In Miguels et al. European Management Journal, (2011), hierarchy is often used as a structure to achieve deployment and success in strategy. The following part of the essay depart psychoanalyze strategic processes and how they succeed under hierarchy organization. Also of major concern will be the strategies in organizations and how they may be explained and implemented through various strategy theories. In the essay on that point will also include an evaluation criteria by means of auditing. It will majorly explore on management issues of hierarchical systems.In several areas where many pile are involved in accomplishing a specific task, people find a way of coordinating what they are doing in their parts in order to reciprocally achieve optimum goals. There are various hierarchy theories under strat egy management that clear out the most out of activities done. Among the most common theories that explain coordination are the cognitive hierarchy theory, friendly projection theory and the theory of team explanation. Schelling (1960) showed how decisions made by humans are undeniable hinged on coordinative actions and expectations of some other peoples actions.A brief explanation of the hierarchical theories explains how the theories are relate to the organization system and how they may be used to influence actions taken for better strategy execution. The cognitive hierarchy theory was proposed first in the years 1945 and 1946. This theory was built to make individuals who have change reasoning levels to coordinate and move at a higher regulated pace. Team reasoning, on the other hand, is a theory that utilizes the motivation of individuals working on a goal. In the circumstances where individuals are motivated, there is maximized standard effort that raises each individuals expectations. In such collaboration, decision making is

An introduction to internationalizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An introduction to inter earthalizing - Essay ExampleHaving successfully established itself in the UAE, the self-coloured must consider a fanny grocery whose needs and preferences match those of members of the UAE. In the event that the able market has a number of diverse groups with different preferences, the solid will need to customize its reaping to suit these tastes. Moreover, we need to diversify our business portfolio by engaging in business activities that go beyond the companys current portfolio, for instance, manufacturing of less refined pottery to suit the low income earners in the target market. This will result in the development of higher market pools, therefore, enhancing the firms profit margins.The firm should seek areas with a high population of its target market. The global market consists of various environments such as urban and rural environments. These environments each have a distinct bureaucratic process and labor justness it is paramount to avoid mar kets that have excessive bureaucracy and inflexible and outdated labor laws. Dubai for instance, would be a good market option as it is strategically close to Abu Dhabi, our head office. This market is well served by modern infrastructure hence transportation of both raw materials and finished products will be easy. Moreover, the market has high market opportunities internally and internationally as it is served by over 170 airlines and 86 tape drive lines (Rehman, A.2007, p.57). This will lead to the firms expansion into the international market through exportation opportunities. Moreover, this nation has suitable labor laws and bureaucratic process it neither has corporate and income taxes nor foreign exchange controls. In add-on to this, Dubai is one of the most economically developed nations, and its population mostly consists of people leading a oecumenic lifestyle, which is our most suitable target market one that appreciates fine art. The nation is also known to prevent to p

Why Oil Prices are dropping Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Oil Prices are falling - Case Study vitrineThe eggshell is even difficult for the countries, considering that for a country like Iran would need the price of embrocate to breathe at $136, if it is to be able to support its growing economy (Al Mulla, n.p.).The major issue in this case is the reason why cover prices are dropping (Al Mulla, n.p.). This is a major issue, due to the fact that the dropping of the vegetable oil prices is sudden and also unexpected. The opposite major issue in this case is why the oil producing countries are not doing anything to correct the issue of dropping oil prices. Considering that the low process for oil is in fact harmful to the economies of these countries, it is expected that the oil producing countries should be doing something by now, to chequer the prices of oil amplify to levels that enkindle benefit their economies.The economic theory of subscribe and supply is applicable in this case. The theory states that when the supply is h igh, the prices of a commodity are low. However, when the supply is reduced, the demand for the commodity in the market increases, and with high demand in the market, the price increases.According to the economic theory of demand and supply, the oil producing countries are able o to see an increase in the prices of oil. This is because, the prices f oil are currently low, which then means that those countries can drop their supply of oil into the global markets to increase its demand, and consequently its price. However, as the case has turned out to be, the oil producing countries are not cutting down their oil supply into the market in order to increase demand and prices of oil. In this respect, it can therefore be observed that the conventional economic law of demand and supply is not operating in this case.The conclusion in this case is that the reason for the dropping oil prices is not the normal operation of demand and supply forces in the oil market. There are other unrelate d factors that are accounting for this occurrence.The theory of

Analysis of Sequential Lesson Plans Dissertation

Analysis of Sequential Lesson Plans - Dissertation Exampleed deep down the classroom due to constraints of time and space, the t from each oneer can present guidelines to students encouraging independent study, by telescope take-home projects or library assignments in such a manner that the student can motion individually. In this manner, classroom space is optimized so that the teacher can regulate and direct work make outside the classroom.3.Compacting is a mathematical operation which allows students to demonstrate proficiency in course of study outcomes, units or courses and progress to much appropriate/challenging instruction. (Bosch 2001). It is a system of evaluation which takes into account students various skills and learning abilities, which reduces redundancy and allows for forward-looking programming (Bosch 2001). The analogy of computer programming is used in the understanding of classroom strategy and curriculum development to demonstrate that polariation proce dures have a well-defined goal and flowchart to direct the offshoot of imparting learning.The exhibit of differentiation may be recognised from the federal governments initiation of the No tyke Left Behind program, which is digited to ensure that the learning needs of either student are met during the process of pedagogical instruction. In his Foreword to the federal document profiling the designs and outcomes of the program, President furnish has saidThe shade of our public schools directly affects us all - as parents, as students, and as citizens. Yet too many a(prenominal) children in America are segregated by low expectations, illiteracy, and self-doubt. In a constantly ever-changing world that is demanding increasingly complex skills from its workforce, children are literally being left behind. (Bush 2001)Thus President Bush links the process of classroom instruction directly to the overall... As the discussion declares a differentiated classroom is one in which the te acher focuses on optimizing the efficiency of each students strengths, thereby prioritizing different learning skills with each student, depending on his or her individual requirements. Bosch has observed that in a differentiated classroom, teachers differentiate content, process and product according to a students readiness, reside and learning profile. Learning profiles are therefore constructed for each student on the basis of his or her individual needs, and the students readiness to learn and interest in the learning process are also factored in to the development of the curriculum, thus ensuring that the learning process is made holistic.According to the report findings one of the most seminal contributors to the filed of curriculum and classroom differentiation had been warble Ann Tomlinson. She writes squeezing students into a one-size-fits-all curriculum has left many behind. By differentiating your instruction, you can meet the needs of every child. She implies, therefor e, that the curriculums that do not differentiate among learning levels create a constricting mould that propagates a one-size-fits-all design for the curriculum, which causes many students to be left behind in the process of education. Cooper presents an invigorating account of a practical lesson he had with a class, and interprets the practical aspects of differentiation in terms of Tomlinsons principles.

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Essay

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and dungaree Jacques Rousseau - Essay pillowcaseThis is a study well-nigh the political theory of John Locke and the political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau. In addition, the study will highlight and discuss how the thinking of Locke and Rousseau fit into the period of Enlightenment. The study will blend with a discussion of the political theory of Locke, followed by a discussion of Rousseaus political theory, and and so end with how their thinking fits into the period of enlightenment. The political theory of John Locke John Locke can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of liberal philosophy, which lays emphasis on limited government and individual rights. In his arguments about the postulate of nature, Locke noted that nature is characterized by scarceness of things to eat or wear. Therefore, hu earth beings must devise extremely hard to get food to eat and other necessities. Two things happen as a result of th is hard exit first, a person survives. Secondly, a person creates property by combine labor with the natural resources to create food, shelter, and cloth (Bode 4). Locke argued that problems might arise with property since it can be quarantined from the individual. In the state of nature, many people may be willing to solve the problem of scarcity by snatching a persons property. Through this struggle, the idea of government comes into being. Locke hypothesized that men entered the society with the last-ditch aim of preserving their property. People sacrifice their freedom in the state of nature and join others in a protective government... God does not choose kings people invent kings to protect property. On the limitations of government, people enquire the authority to replace leaders if they fail to perform their duties as expected (Bode 6). The political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Rousseau can be regarded as a significant figure in the development of philosophica l thought in the eighteenth century. He was one of the scholars who developed the political theory, which would later influence the develop of revolutions, especi eithery the French and American Revolutions. On the nature and society, Rousseau noted that mans natural state could be more preferred than the civil or social state. In his Discourse on equality, Rousseau argues that man tends to appear as the solitary salvage and lives a carefree life (Qvortrup 76). In his classical work on political theory, The Social Contract (1762), Jean notes that Man was born free, but is everywhere in chains. This expressed his belief that the society has corrupted man. He argues that people recognize a customary will, which is collective (Qvortrup 78). This general will should represent the common good or the interest of the public. All citizens should take part and show commitment to the general good. This should happen even if it means that people should act against their face-to-face or priv ate interests. For example, people may support a political party that proposes to impose ponderous taxes if they have high income. This would not hurt as the taxation will bring considerable benefits to all persons. To Rousseau, therefore, a loyal citizen should not locate their private interests first. He argued that when people do not put their personal interests first, equality and

Discuss the concept of The Johari Window as a model for personal and Essay

Discuss the concept of The Johari Window as a model for personal and group development - Essay Exampleft and Harry Ingham, who draw studies on human personal characteristics and how it electropositively or negatively impacts individual, or group conduct and interaction. Since different people possess different behaviour attributes, it is necessary to know both individual and group behaviour in the context of work environment, not only for gaining optimum work output, but also to experience harmonious interaction between different members of the group.Through knowing ourselves deeper, broader and better, especi totallyy our interacting and interfacing with others, it is possible to introduce positive personality changes in our outlook and interpersonal relations with others- superiors, peers and subordinate groups. This could bring near more powerful communications, greater degree of understanding and empathy with others as well as greater a more inferential and harmonious rela tions with other individuals in our working place. In the long run, this could reap rich benefits for all members of the force and, more significantly, entire corporate as a whole unified unit.At the starting time stage, a list of attributes or characteristics are provided to the respondents, from which the respondent has to choose a few attributes which he believed he possesses- these could be adjectives like supportive, noble, patience, tolerance, empathy, caring, helping, modest, etc.The list of what the respondents bets about himself, and what other peer groups, or members of known circles think about him, are compared and fitted in the appropriate quadrant of the Grid Matrix shown belowThe four quadrants mentioned preceding(prenominal) represent the four possible permutations and combinations in terms of ones self opinion about oneself vis--vis what others may think about the respondent. Each of these regions contains and represents the study - feelings, motivation, etc - k nown about the person, in terms of whether the information is known or unknown by the person, and whether the information

Critical Appraisal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Appraisal - Assignment ExampleIn addition, the care giver also records the measures that he has taken in response to the patients needs, deduction that he has comprehended and pleased the indebtedness of care, has taken all reasonable steps to care for the patient and that any action or censure has not put into compromise patients health. The financial support also includes a record of any arrangements the nurse has made for the continuing care of a patient or client (Delaune & Ladner, 2006, p68). The documentation deal in nursing is carried out for various reasons that may include some of the following. The law in almost of the countries requires that health practitioners who come into contact with patients should keep health records of the patients that they wrap up, these records are supposed to include a legal brief record of the patients medical history and the care that the health practitioner gives the patient (Guido, 2006, p72). In addition, the number of liti gations against nurses has increased delinquent to the increased public awareness of their rights therefore the documents act as evidence in courts of law of the care that the nurse gave the patient. Keeping of proper medical health records also has an synthesis on the quality and type of care that the patient allow for receive from other nurses since they are probably to dwell on the medical history of the patient written by other nurses who handled the patient. This report will critically analyse three journal articled relating to the field of documentation in nursing. Nursing corroboration Frameworks and Barriers This paper written by Wendy Blair and Barbara Smith deals with barriers to safe, whilely and accurate documentation for nurses and chooses the best framework to handle the problem of documentation (Blair & Smith, 2012, p65). This article involved studying of various literature on frameworks that ensure documentation in nursing fulfil the requirement that it should show the rational and critical thinking behind clinical decisions and interventions while still providing written evidence of the progress of the patient, some of these frameworks include narrative charting, problem-oriented approaches, clinical pathways and cerebrate notes. Review of the literature on the frameworks that are wont in documentation was the process that this article used to come up with the best framework to be used. The first framework that they reviewed was the narrative charting, which is the recording of interventions and their daze in a chronological order. They found out that this method had serious shortcomings especially in the new practise since it involves writing a lot of notes making it difficult to retrieve relevant information, in addition, due to the large number of notes, the process is time consuming. The article also analysed the VIPS model and found out that it was time consuming among the nurses therefore not appropriate since it meant that les s time would be spent giving certain care to the patients. The SOAP framework, which works well for single problem entries, was found to be ineffective to use since most of the nursing processes involves references to multiple problems making the documentation look disorganised. Clinical pathways such as the integrate Care Pathway (ICP) can be used to standardise the documentation process

Comparative police systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative police systems - Essay Examplether country and while arguing the extent to which they do so is beyond the scope of the present research, the research shall, nevertheless establish this to be the case with reference to surveillance. Through a comparative analysis of the post 9/11 right to surveillance given to either of the two states, this paper shall demonstrate that even though the USA constitutes a more critical case than the UK, the right and expectation to privacy in both countries has been critically undermined.Laws governing privacy in the United Kingdom have traditionally, and customarily, restricted the right of the state to busy in the surveillance of citizens without establishing, and arguing, a cause to do so and obtaining the necessary warrants. The Interception of Communications Act (1985) effectively disallows law enforcement, or any(prenominal) representative of the state, from intercepting the telephone and electronic communication of citizens unless it is first established that doing so is integral, either to national security, or for the negation of the real and flying threat which that person, or those whom he/she communicates with, pose towards society (Lloyd, 1986). Added to that, and as Carter (2001) explains, the European radiation diagram on Human Rights, to which the United Kingdom is subject, holds that, other than when authorized by a court following the submission of evidence which clearly shows that surveillance is necessary for the prevention of a crime or the negation of an immediate threat, any form of state surveillance of private citizens, constitutes both a violation of their most prefatorial civil and human rights. In other words, the pre 9/11 and pre 7/7 situation in the United Kingdom was such that strict regulatory frameworks effectively restricted the right of the state to engage in the surveillance of its citizens.As regards the pe-9/11 situation in the United States, despite the fact that the US Con stitution makes no explicit provisions for privacy, the

KEPAK STRATEGY Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

KEPAK STRATEGY - Literature review Example introduction Kepak was founded in the mid-1960s by Noel Keating as a retail butchers business supplying sweeping beef to the food service sector and into other markets. Kepak had a turnover of 750 million in 2010 and had 1700 employees. The family processes 300 000 cattle and 1.5 million lambs each year. It operates by nine manufacturing facilities in Ireland and UK. The troupes principal(prenominal) activity is animal slaughter and the sale of meat in cut and processed formats through Kepak mall Division. The firm has substantial business interests in convenience foods operated through Kepak Convenience Foods and an agricultural commodities trading business, Agra Trading. This news report explores Kepaks business strategy in response to industry challenges and opportunities (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Examination of Kepaks business milieu The most popular tool in strategic management for analysing the business environment of a company is PESTEL. In the case of Kepak, the economic environment was affecting business negatively as the industry lacked predictability in financial performance. This according to the company CEO from 2010, John Horgan, made it difficult for Irish beef processors to mean for growth. In addition, Kepak was not a listed company thus limiting its access to capital to borrowing or trading profits in a very capital intensive business (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Supply kitchen range consists of producers who sell cattle to processors who market the product internationally. Most of the cattle are grass fed and takes up to 30 months to mature compared to cereal fed beef which can finish in 12-15 months. The presence of agents hampers knowledgeableness in the supply chain as their role is historical and therefore, they added little value (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Political and legislative factors are seen to influence the firms business where the EU-wide introduction of decoupled Single Payment Schemes moved subsidy payments from actual yield of commodities to other objectives contributing to a reduction in beef production. These factors negatively affected the firms business as there was an increase in live beef exportations after 2008 as it was more profitable to export live-calf than to mature, slaughter and process them in Ireland. Change in the economic environment caused an increase investment by farmers in dairy products leading to a reduction in beef production as well(p) as a concern among processors that this would lower the quality of beef products (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). With respect to porter five forces, there were three major players in the beef processing industry and who accounted for 60-65% of the capacity and output. The perception was that these competitors would rather meet lower margins than take compromises and retailers used this weakness to play processors against each other. Therefore, there was a negative result of competitor rivalry in the beef business and, which affected the firms bottom line. harmonise to literature by Porter, rivalry limits profitability in an industry as it transfers profitability directly to customers through price cuts and in this case customers try to achieve the same by playing firms against each other. Britain is Irelands major market for beef exports and shares similarities in both markets in beef tastes, systems of

The copenhagen criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The copenhagen criteria - Essay ExampleIn order to acquire the European conjugation membership the candidate countries should fulfil the above-mentioned three criteria. Since the exaggeration process by European Council was held at Copenhagen, the name Copenhagen criteria came into existence.Neither the EU nor the candidate countries have the condition to change the geographical reality on the ground or the definitions of terms long defined in the English language in respect of physical and political geographic descriptions (Wikipedia). The enlargement process is terminate at the beginning before taking an opinion of the application of a particular country.There is no geographical limit for any European country to join European Union. Some cases of non-European countries2 came into picture but none the less it is not possible for non- European states to attain a European Union membership. It has been give tongue to that thither is no possibility of non-European countries to le ad EU member but ironically some of the countries, which were geographically apart from Europe, were given over European Union membership. Countries like French Guiana and Greenland, which were geographically not connected to Europe, were given EU membership. ... It has been stated that there is no possibility of non-European countries to become EU member but ironically some of the countries, which were geographically apart from Europe, were given European Union membership. Countries like French Guiana and Greenland, which were geographically not connected to Europe, were given EU membership. The reasons cited for their inclusion was French Guiana was an integral part of French Republic and Greenland fall in the EEC as a Danish dependency. It clearly shows the double standards employed in the inclusion.One of the biggest headaches for European Union member states is inclusion of washout as a EU member. Turkey has been declared as a candidate for membership. At first European Unio n declined the inclusion of Turkey as a member. To become a EU member every country has to fulfil the Copenhagen Criteria and Turkey was well short of the above-mentioned criteria. One of the reasons for turning down Turkeys candidature was its being a non Christian state. The majority community of Turkey is Muslims. Since shariat3 law was enforced as it has been in every other Islamic country, became one of the reasons for its being declined.The military man rights record of Turkey was well below the mark. They had very bad human rights record. Since it is an Islamic country there was a fear of terrorists residing in Turkey. Due to the increase in terror activities Muslim sympathisers may lend advantage of the membership and might cause damage to the European Union members. They might indulge in terrorist activities. There is no gender equality in Turkey. Women were treated as slaves. They dont have any independency inside

National Westminster Bank Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Westminster Bank - Case Study ExampleNatWest could have also responded swiftly and effectively as rivals much(prenominal) Barclays and Lloyds TBS had done so with the sweeping changes brought about by Internet-enabled monetary transactions to the swearing industry. By the 1990s, NatWests traditional bank branch practices such as mortgage and savings faced stiff rival from new comers such as Egg and Virgin, upstart retailers and supermarket banks which rode the wave of the financial services revolution. The globalization of financial transactions has also partly driven the mergers in the banking industry - making big domestic banks such as NatWest unable to compete in the new financial landscape. By the time NatWest made its unlucky foray into bancassurance (an untested recipe in the U.K.) via a bid for the insurance and investment firm profound and General in early September 1999, the market has made a clear judgment that the bank didnt cut the investors approval of i ts management. The steep fall in NatWests stock thereafter only revealed its vulnerability for a takeover.Right until the very end when RBS has won the bid against the BS in February 2000, NatWest refused to give in, insisting that a takeover would not add value to shareholders and would put the much smaller bank in peril of overstretching its finances.

Cowgirl Chocolates Case Essay Example for Free

Cowgirl Chocolates Case assay1. SynopsisThe case of Cowgirl Chocolates is some a small chocolate producer, Cowgirl Chocolates, and the businesses owner/artist Marilyn Lysohir dilemma with how and wherefore her business venture wasnt profitable. Marilyn expresses her love for fashioning award winning hot and spicy chocolates. She withal discusses her hold up on different products, their packaging, and her disliking of using distributors. Marilyn doesnt know why she isnt making a profit, and the problem isnt with her chocolates, its her lack of trust for others and her impulsiveness on making the company more of an art than a chocolate company. 2. SWOT AnalysisStrengths* Award-winning chocolates (p.66)* Variety of Chocolates, and other sweets (p.67)* Her and her husband Ross artistic ability (p.66)* Cowgirl Chocolates ad (p.66)Weaknesses* Distribution (p.72 p.77)* Packaging (p.71)* Cowgirl Chocolates outlets and vendors (p.73)* Lack of knowledge analyzing financial reports (p. 76)* Give-a-ways and a surplus in inventory (p. 75-76)Opportunities* Chile Pepper Magazine (p.66)* Holiday customer promotion deals (p 68 p.76)* Military PX stores (p.71)* Local favorite (p. 72)Threats* Seattle Chocolates* Customer demand* Cowgirl Chocolate Ad* Distributor and Packagers fees (p.72-74)* Low gross sales in certain cities (Seattle and San Francisco) (p.73) 3. Overcoming weaknesses with strengthsPage 77 exhibit 4 puts Cowgirl Chocolates financial problems on display. The companys expenses were $31,423 for cost of sales, and an additional $53,447 for total expenses out weighs the companys low revenue, which stood at $30,046 for the year 2000. Exhibit 5 on page 78 also illustrates that Cowgirl is negative $5,051.15 in cyberspace profit after taxes.I feel that an easy way to cut some company expenses would to not travel to as many trade shows. I understand Cowgirl is trying to spread the word about their trophy chocolates, but there be other means in publicizing an d advertising that be cheaper. Cowgirl spent $5,786 for travel, which includes airfare, lodging, meals, and gas.They also spent an additional $6,423 on trade shows, which includes give-a-ways. I know that trade shows are very important and needed for candy companies, but having two artist collaborate on excogitation the chocolates along with two award-winning products should showcase the brands credibility. That being said, if you know you have something good and your not making money on it, stop spending on unneeded expenses.

Why do professionals prefer IAS Essay Example for Free

Why do maestros prefer IAS EssayA parvenue mental object has attracted legislators, thinkers, journalists and unrivalled could say the economists as well. Why should not we ban the entry of professionally dependent personnel into the IAS or IPS Services ?Some have argued that government spends, directly or indirectly, a constituent of money on the education of an Engineer or a Doctor and in case these professionals amount of money general service like IAS or IPS the hard spent government money goes into the gutter. Good abtaboo thinking of the type has emerged to care for the state expenditure. It was even in the year 1995 as well that or so candidates from the general education facial expression had suggested that engineering graduates should not be allowed to appear in entrance mental testing for IAS /IPS/IAAS/IRS and such like services. The reaction had been in response to the high rate of success in UPSC base entrance examination from amongst the candidates with e ngineering degree, even clear walking away with almost 75 % of masking ranks by engineering graduates ( doctors etc were not named at that time because they did not figure at the rate as the engineers figured to oust the generalist). The position is not much different in 2008.And now expenditures made by the society/ government have been talked about.Better before starting such discussions those so concerned with the subject would have asked the Engineers, Doctors, Post Graduate in Sciences, and the like and more so the rank holders amongst these categories of technocrats from even prime(a) institutions like Indian Institute of Technology, BITS Pilani, IIMs that why do they try all hards to enter the general services like IAS ( where minimum qualification is any graduate degree) and let go waste the technical expertness/ professionalism they otherwise acquired through so much of hard work and investment , even as acquired out of aims and ambitions ? have observed that the engineer ing graduates prefer to enter IAS than to go for IES ( Indian Engineering Service ) since they touch that the top seat of civil governance in the Union Secretariat will generally be occupied by an IAS officer and not by the IES( Indian Engineering Service) officer. Such views were expressed by one of the engineering graduate who had ranked in top 5 of IAS list and had laid choice for IAS and not Indian Engineering Service.I had been investigating in this direction for more than 12 geezerhood now. And have been able to work out some reasons for such type of thinking being developed. A few years earlier in India we used to talk of brain drain to out side India and it was reasoned that since the engineers/ scientists/ doctors are not well paid in terms of cash and career in India that is why they attempt leaving for US/UK/ other countries. And now the question is of brain drain from professional bank to the general service bank. The reason in this case lies both in Career Prospects, intricacy in governance of the affairs of the society and perks in terms of monetary as well as social authority. The disparity between the IAS and other Government services is so huge that any one would prefer IAS .

Larry page Essay Example for Free

Larry page EssayHow was the leader sight employ?Google founded in 1998 with Sergey Brin. Google soon found itself at the top of look engines and from a small, garage- based company had modify into a global giant. Google now is a synonym of worlds no1 ideal (New York Post, 2011) and employs 53546 people owns numerous offices worldwide. Some vision points for Google and future technologies that Larry pages laying out from Googles developer conference in San Francisco 2011.Technology should do the hard nominate so people can do the things that make them the happiest in life. Were really only at 1% of whats possible, and maybe even less than thatwere still moving slow. We should be structure great things that dont exist. Being negative is non how we make progress.Im positive(predicate) people in the future will gestate were just as crazy as we think people in the past were. I think today were still just lolly the sur impertinence of whats possible. Thats why Im so excited G oogle is working on the platforms supporting all your innovations. theme http//www.businessinsider.com.au/larry-page-lays-out-his-vision-for-the-future-of-google-and-technology-2013-5Analyse Leader zeal. (Explain/ justify your answer)Larry Page has 5 leader style strategies1. Follow the crazy ideasGoogle search engine of creativity stems from one of his dream He was trying to transfer the entire Internet to your calculator, but also to maintain the entire link. When someone did crazy to this extent, you will face smaller competitions. He said. 2. Create the team work, Avoid bureaucraticLarry is doing the reorganization without a whisper and streamlining of affectionateness managers in order to eliminate bureaucracy. 3. Respond quickly and conciselyPage hopes to develop a much responsive and more flexible approach to management in Google, which would easy to make a discretion when making a decision. 4. Understand the importance of little tricksGoogle always improving their pro ducts such as Gmail, search engines and android products to take their customers have good image to Google. 5. Unremitting.Larry pages thinks unremitting is a successful method to gain the goals. If people not keep faith the thing they want to do, they may not achieve their objective. Source http//tech.sina.com.cn/i/2011-04-19/11585423562.shtmlPurpose of program.GoogleLarry and Sergey reason why the search engine named Google is actually taken from the mathematical stipulation googol, meaning one followed by 100 zeros. In 1998, Sun Microsystems (Sun) co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote a cow dung for $ 100,000 U.S. dollars, the company does not yet exist to open Google Inc., Google Inc. Was born Summary and timeline of program implementation1996Larry and Sergey this time is a computer graduate student at Stanford University, they began to build a cooperative called BackRub search engine. 1997Larry and Sergey decided to change to a new name Backrub search engine. After some brainst orming, the final decision is named Google 1998.Sun Microsystems (Sun) co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote a check for $ 100,000 U.S. dollars to open a company does not yet exist Google Inc. 8 1999 recentEric Schmidt was appointed as chairman of the board First published 10 kinds of language version of Google.com , available in French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Norse and Danish Start for searching for Chinese, Japanese and Korean language support to a total of 15 species. Google Toolbar launched .This is a browser plug-in can be carried out without entering the Google home search. Released the first planetary gismo with an open platform Android, August 19 in the United States Wall Street initial macrocosm offering of ClassA common stock Google Maps official on-lineOfficially acquired AdMob, which is a mobile service multimedia advertising company. Announced the co-founder Larry Page in April 2011 will be the companys chief administrator , Er ic Schmidt will serve as executive chairman. (Source http//www.google.com.au/about/company/history/top)

Dead Man in Deptford and Any Old Iron Essay Example for Free

Dead Man in Deptford and each middle-aged Iron EssayUsing the extracts from Dead Man in Deptford and Any Old Iron, and the whole of A Clockwork Orange, discuss the effectiveness of Burgess wide and varied use of actors line and dialect. If I were to begin this essay with a foreign word, a phrase that had been obsolete for four hundred years, and a totally incoherent sentence, complete with fabricated slang terms, then the fair or foul lector (but wheres the difference) would probably dismiss it and I would receive an F. And yet I would be imitating the style of one of the ordinal centurys prolific and widely discussed authors Anthony Burgess.In e rattling novel that he has written, Burgess has displayed a love of, and an not bad(p) skill for, dustup and word-craft, which a blacksmith might display in his trade. As soon as I started to read A Clockwork Orange, I wanted to put it down again. In the second paragraph, I counted eighteen words that I did not understand, includ ing such timeless gems as droog, rassoodocks and, my personal favourite, mozg. I was equally addled when confronted with the two extracts. But I slavishly stuck to it ( helpingly because of my rather demanding English master), mostly because I was personally intrigued as to what those terms meant.One soon realises that Burgess actually likes to do this it is his wordplay. But equally, it is also an integral part of the book he adapts his style of language for a number of reasons Firstly, in order to complement the eon within which his plot takes place. For instance, Dead Man in Deptford is full of extinct words such as simulacrum and inkhornisms, and further to this, it is written in the grammatical style of a sixteenth century playwright, with bulky and jumbled sentences such as You must suppose that I suppose a heap of happenings that I had no eye to eye knowledge of or concerning.And in A Clockwork Orange, there are umteen unknown words since the novel is set in the future, and presumably the language has evolved over time. Secondly, he implys veritable words and phrases in order to set the scene and establish a certain ambience. An effective pillowcase is Alexs entrance into the treatment clinic in Chapter Three of Part two of A Clockwork Orange. Whereas forrader Alex has relied heavily on his invented words in his narration, here he only uses the basic words such as horrorshow. quite he concentrates on the commentary of his surroundings, using the word white many times.The lack of slang contributes to this description and tells the lecturer what Alex is thinking at that moment. Here, for instance, he is wary of his new environment and not yet lucky enough to use his familiar language. A third explanation for Burgess use of language lies in the variety of the various characters, in the novel and both extracts. This is where dialect and implied accent become very important. Any Old Iron provides a good example in Dai Williams. His speech does not really include unfamiliar words and phrases, but there is a huge difference in his style.Lets take the sentence, sanction to it with your youth and your vigour and it is your shout now. Its length, enhanced by the use of and and the repetition of your, seems to imply the intonation and hurrying with which it should be read. There is a certain rhythm that cannot be avoided when reading it. In other words, it looks Welsh, and when read, it sounds Welsh. Examples in A Clockwork Orange where dialect is used to distinguish characters come at the end of Part One, where the starlit old ptitsa uses swashbuckling and old-fashioned language, such as wretched little slummy bedbug.The several funny book villains in Alexs cell in prison also add some variety, and in this case, witticism Yeth, yeth, boyth, thatth fair. But the final explanation for Burgess wordplay is by far the most important it influences the reader to think in a certain way. This is most prominent in A Clockwork Orang e. In the branch half of the novel every tolchock or kick that Alex makes is usually preceded by the word horrorshow, so that it is everlastingly drummed into the readers mind that what Alex is doing is good.In contrast, the description of violence in the second half of the novel, after Alexs treatment, lacks any poetry, luxurious slang, and therefore glorification. We see what Alex sees pure, repulsive and undisguised violence. We feel what the narrator feels. This can be said of another(prenominal) part of A Clockwork Orange and a certain part of Dead Man in Deptford wherever there is an argument leading up to a fight. In Dead Man the verbal jousting comes before a particularly large brawl, one that is described in a rapid and flowing manner, intimately as a commentary. Marlowe enjoys what is happening, like Alex.But also like Alex, when Marlowe is describing violence later on in the novel (the executions), there is a complete lack of enjoyment and fancy wordplay. As a aspec t note, there is one extra reason why our great philologist Mr Burgess uses such language and dialect. It is for the simple reason that it is vastly enjoyable, both for him and for the reader. In Clockwork and Dead Man, Burgess has had the opportunity to create words and styles that go against the rules of contemporary English (this is true of Dead Man because there are no records of how Elizabethan citizens spoke).At first this can prove to be extremely irritating and demanding, and the reader feels the need to impinge on for a dictionary after every sentence. It is particularly annoying because the reader knows that this is English, a language he or she should understand, and yet it is totally incomprehensible. But I personally enjoy immense satisfaction by simply reading the novel without help, and interpreting the words in my own time. It soon becomes easy and very rewarding.

Learning as a Process and as a Product Essay Example for Free

Learning as a Process and as a Product testWhen you ask people what do they think about erudition? They only think in the net result. Isnt to important to comprehend what that really means, and how big and important is the process. It is to simple to analyze what we leave been well-read before just making us the question If we really remember what we learned? But no everyone think in tuition as a process. How do we learned that? If it was difficult?Its the akin learning as a process and as a crossway? Learning is the end product of some process. But when is learning a product? Learning as a product is when a person knows completely and totally that he/she dominates the knowledge, but also he/she have been qualify to do that knowledge what it means that he/she not just know the theory but also have the experience. The final product of the learning may show the capacity or level of each school-age child and let the teacher know who needs more practice in a specific area.I t depends on what they were working on, but it doesnt mean that they are going to tell you or notice that the scholar really acquires the knowledge or the skill or if they need a more advanced or lower level to do the activities. Wich it means that learning as a product is the goal that the learning process must have. Learning as a process will be the behavior changes of certain(p) experiences that people have had. Learning as a process goes further than learning as a product, because in one what it matters is the final result, and in another one what it matters is how was it?Its not the same if I learned something just memorizing without practice. Besides If a learn something with theory and practice my final result its going to be better. Its to important the process in which each person learned, because that will cover you that you really understand and dominate what people taught you. Thats why everyone should recognize the difference between learning as a product and as a pro cess.

Research objectives Essay Example for Free

Research objectives actBecause of the success of balance scorecard, there are enormous volumes of information on the practice of BSC, solely this make pull up stakes examine the phenomenon of balance scorecard with Saudi Pepsi as the reference agency. The study exit followup the book (Translating strategy into action) by Kaplan and Norton as well as many relevant literature on the subject. It is the position of this study that BSC is a genuine business elevator, so this project will make the indispensable efforts to present authentic evidence in support of that position. research objectives The objectives of this study are to outline and collapse the fundamental principles of the Balanced Scorecard system. The paper will trace the formulation of the system and review about of the available data on its goodness. Also the paper will make an objective judgement on the advantages and disadvantages of its application. Since this is designed to ascertain the adaptability of BS C to Pepsi of Saudi Arabia, the paper will conclude with a critical insight on how Pepsi could benefit from BSC, based largely on data fromthe executing review of other corporations that have utilize the BSC management system.QUESTIONS EXPECTED TO BE ADDRESSED BY THIS STUDY Though questions abound on this study, but this discourse will focus greatly on the matters that address the application, and the structure of Balance Scorecard. The major perspectives as advanced by Kaplan and Norton will be presented and collapsed in depth . It must(prenominal) be accent that the system is an objective, responsive system. It could be followed with appropriate data analysis, and adjustments could be made whendesirable.The paper will leave behind the necessary steps that could be followed in order to attain a desired result. Because this dialogue has interpreted sides in favor of the BSC, it will clearly present the known benefits of implementing the system. But it must be emphasized that t here are some drawbacks in the BSC system. Those drawbacks would equally be outlined. All the important steps in the implementation of the BSC will be discussed, and the different roles that different levels of a corporate entity would need to play will be enumerated as well.All of the team members must non only make a commitment, they must participate in the process. Every department must know its participating role in the implementation of BSC, and this work will detail what those roles ought to be, and how to ensure that they are diligently executed. It should also be recognized that it is not enough to design and construct a BSC, the question is would it be used? No benefits would accrue if the reinforced BSC is not used. Of course the most important question is that of the applicability of the system by Pepsi Saudi, that questionwill be adequately addressed in this process.CHAPTER TWO BOOK AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT originally the advent of BSC, a ques tionnaire by the national association of accountants indicated that about 60% of accountants were not satisfied by their instruction execution measurement system, primarily because of its reliance on purely financial metrics. But since the implementation of BSC that dire view is turning around. (Nevin 2003).Performance measurement technique is used to compile data on many subjects, highschool academicians use performance measurement to hold up record of behaviors of students whose behaviors required to improvement. The meaning(a) point here is that the actual behavior improvement could be measured empirically, scientifically and with discerning accuracy. So it is not surprising that corporations would also adopt performance management system. Corporations use performance measurement to keep record of its effectiveness, and its efficiency. It is used to tabulate quality and productivity. It is also used to keep records of timeliness and safety.(Nevin, Paul 2003). With an effective performance measurement system, companies can a develop a sustainable structure for its strategic planning, and its goals. It helps companies arrange a clear mission, with appropriate resources, on long term intervals. With it companies can maintain accountability for its performance or lack of performance. By using performance measurement companies are better able to analyze and validate its results. It can also use it to acquire timely feedbacks, which could be used to change the didactics of a given project or to move a project forward.So in total, performance measurement could help and organization to make informed decisions, to appraise its performance and to initiate an improvement as needed. (Nevin, Paul 2003). I suppose we can say that performance measurement is a close cousin of BSC. However a performance measurement system could limit its benefits if it loses sight of key performance drivers. And it could be quite expensive to set-up a performance measuring unit, but m ost companies seem to agree that the monetary value is worth it at the long run. (Kaplan Norton 1996).

Children Dealing With Obesity Essay Example for Free

Children Dealing With fleshiness EssayObesity is a sensitive turn up for adults so one can imagine how a child with fleshiness is affected mentally, emotionally, physically, and spiritually emotionally children have low self-esteem, mentally children are stressed, physically children are overweight, and it affects their social welfare altogether. This is why it is so important that mandating that Parent, Teachers, and the community is enlightend on Childhood Obesity. After closely evaluating the role and speaking to various parents, physicians, and viewing the actions of the children it has shown that all children are non Obese because of bad parenting. Obesity in children can come from various medical problems in children such as a thyroid reveal meaning that his or her metabolism is not functioning correctly, or a pituitary gland protrude meaning that he or she is growing too spendthrift.Childhood obesity can also be genetic meaning that the child can be prone to it because of family history no matter what the issue or problem it is necessary that we as a community be educated and parents should involve themselves in their childs activities as well. The National Academies (2015) website recommends that the Government, families, industries, communities, and schools should support the children by showing leadership and commitment in evaluating saloon programs, provender intake, make the evaluation capacity stronger by having good quality interventions. Schools can fetch by monitoring students by placing cameras in the school cafeterias, and also schools and families can monitor the amount of food placed on a childs plate, making sure that the plates are colorful with able fruits, veggies, whole grains, and dairy, caregivers and families should also monitor physical activities and the consumption of water.According to The National Academies (2015), There will be a greater likelihood of success when public, private, and voluntary organizations purposefully combine their respective resources, strengths,and comparative advantages to witness a coordinated effort over the long term (Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity How Do We Measure Up?). In order for this policy to be analyzed, the cameras had to be viewed, attestation, and possibly re-educate everyone. It seems to be operative the children are drinking more(prenominal) water, and eating healthier, and has included more quality physical exercise in his and her program. Parents are asking the right questions and getting more involved as well, parents are spending more and more time with their children as the teachers.Group sessions are working because the child has begun to speak up more, and is joyous and loving themselves more and more each session. Parents and teachers attended workshops to educate them in the maintenance and long-term prevention of obesity. One in five children are overweight, while one-third are obese that is why parents admit to learn major factors that stimulate the bring outment of childhood obesity. There should be some sort of consequences stipulation if the stakeholders being parents, schools and physicians are not willing to cooperate and get involved, possibly higher insurance pension until he or she cooperates, as for the teachers and or schools, begin by minimizing the school funds, because the schools funds are to educate and make sure the child is healthy and safe.In the conclusion the childs lifestyle, nutrition, and environment ask to change for the better of the child. Parents need to be more educated on the illnesses that can and will develop unless these workshops are attended. It is understandable that organic foods and even most healthy foods and beverages are expensive and are not affordable, but parents can help by baking and not frying, by not supporting fast foods schools can help by offering fruits instead of chips and junk food, offer milk instead of soda, and some(prenominal) parents and schools she push more water.ReferencesThe National Academies. (2015). The National Academies Press. Retrieved from http//www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11722page=70 Shi, L. (2014). Introduction to Health Policy. Chicago, IL Health judicature Press.

The interesting topic Essay Example for Free

The interesting topic EssayThe grade criteria should be available to reardidates whilst completing the task. The quality of pen communication will be assessed in the judgements and shutdown section. The total number of marks for this unit is 45. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES This document consists of 8 pages. Any blank pages atomic number 18 indicated. Teachers atomic number 18 responsible for ensuring that assessment is carried break against the Controlled sound judgment set for the relevant examination series (detailed above). Assessment evidence produced that does not reflect the relevant examination series will not be accepted. OCR 2010 Y/600/3256 DC (AC/DJ) 64632/1 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over 2 The purpose of this unit is to carry out a pragmatical investigation of a topic chosen from a set of options supplied by OCR. In the course of the investigation, there will be an opportunity to look in depth at an look of computing that goes beyond the base matter out lined in A451. The tasks will require a momentous element of practical activity, which must be evidenced in the report and which will spirt a major element of the assessment.The topics will enable practical investigation and some supplementary research to be carried out in a variety of ways. These will include, but are not restricted to practical investigations with hardware or software practical investigations with online resources Supplementary research whitethorn be requi deprivation and resources may include ne dickensrk-based enquiry contact with IT professionals research exploitation calculating machine industry publications OCR 2010 A452 Jan13/Jun15 3 Candidates should complete all(prenominal) tasks. Validating web conformitys Many web sites collect information from people using forms.These forms can be put together using hypertext markup language form objects. The data entered is normally sent back to the web server where it is processed by database software. It is always a good idea if the data entered into a computer system is supportd in order to reduce the number of errors that occur. A lot of this validation can be carried out at the client end of the process. In other words, processing can be carried out by the browser. There are various ways in which this can be done. A common way is to write scripts that intercept the input data and check it before it is submitted to the server.There are various scripting languages that can be used to write the necessary validation routines. A popular display case is JavaScript. Most browsers are able to interpret JavaScript. JavaScript, just like other elements of a web page, is vanquish written using a plain text editor such as Notepad. Scripts can be embedded in a web page or saved separately as JavaScript files, using the extension js. The web page can advance these scripts when needed. Here is the starting point for a form that collects information about exam entries. File Edit View Histor y Bookmarks ToolsHelp http//exam submission. net mental test entry tryout Entry Form Name Subject Submit Reset Fig. 1 It contains two text boxes. When the Submit button is clicked, a script checks that both boxes have been filled in. Here is the HTML code that lies behind the form and the JavaScript code that does the validation. Exam entry function validateForm() var result = on-key var msg= if (document. ExamEntry. name. value==) msg+=You must enter your name document. ExamEntry. name. focus() document. getElementById(name). style. color=red result = false OCR 2010A452 Jan13/Jun15 Turn over 4 if (document. ExamEntry. subject. value==) msg+=You must enter the subject document. ExamEntry. subject. focus() document. getElementById(subject). style. color=red result = false if(msg==) return result alert(msg) return result Exam Entry Form Name Subject In order to work, the page needs to have access to a second HTML file called success. html. Its purpose is to test the code. It just needs four lines supremacy message You entered all the data required OCR 2010 A452 Jan13/Jun15 5 Your assignment 1.Describe how this HTML code produces the form displayed in the browser (Fig. 1). 2. Describe how the JavaScript function performs the validation check. 3. Describe how the HTML calls the validation routine. 4. (i) Add other text field to the form to take the substance ab drug users examination number. (ii) Extend the Javascript code to validate this field to make sure that it is not left blank. (iii) Extend the Javascript code to make sure that the users examination number is exactly 4 digits. crap evidence to show that you have planned, written and tested your code. 5.Add a set of radio buttons to the form to accept a level of entry such as GCSE, AS or A2. Write a function that displays the level of entry to the user in an alert box so that the level can be confirmed or rejected. Produce evidence to show that you have planned, written and tested your code. 6. Produce an evaluation of your solutions. 7. Write a certainty about the effectiveness of JavaScript validation routines to reduce the number of errors that are made in data input. OCR 2010 A452 Jan13/Jun15 6 BLANK PAGE OCR 2010 A452 Jan13/Jun15 7 BLANK PAGE OCR 2010 A452 Jan13/Jun158 right of first publication Information OCR is committed to seek permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment literals. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all right of first publication holders whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright sleep withments are reproduced in the OCR Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations, is given to all schools that receive assessment material and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr. org. uk) after the live examination series. If OCR has unwittingly failed to adjustly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity. For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE. OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations kinfolk (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. OCR 2010

Comparing Two Charity Advertisements Essay Example for Free

Comparing Two Charity Advertisements EssayIn this essay I im get be comparing the nameising tract for Christian disher with the leaflet produced by The Royal friendship for the streak of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). This essay will be analysing how the divers(prenominal) charities try to persuade us, the audience to change our views, sterilise the the great unwashed want to do something to stag them and the difficulties these charities face. I will be examining and commenting on the in force(p)ness of these adverts.The RSPCA argon a charity organization set up to help animals in Britain and Christian Aid helps bring break the great unwashed and children Worldwide. We need these charities because they help people in need and they as well support communities. We need charities to help people who purge forward non support themselves because ein truth ane deserves to bring in a cargoner of their own which they rear end enjoy. We give to charities for many reasons, entirely the main reason we give to charities is because we feel guilty. We feel guilty because we be so well sour and we take our houses, Television and having food and water for granted. However, people in third world countries bed not counterbalance afford to turn over a roof above their head and in some extremum cases of poverty they nooky not afford food and clean water. Some people give for compassion.This is when they realise with these people and animals and they feel sorry for them so they give capital because they want to help them. However, some people give because of their religious belief. Muslims give to charities because of Zakat, nonp aril of the pillars of Islam. It reminds Muslims of the item that whatever wealth they may possess is overdue to the blessings of Allah and it should be spent according to the His commands. Some people give to charity because they believe it is their moral tariff to give to charity. In addition some people give to chari ties because they want people to guess they atomic number 18 generous and they want to be recognized as that and get praise for it.There be hundreds of different charities which help out in different ways. These different charities include charities that support animal ripe(p)s, environmental agencies and impel groups, humanitarian charities, medical charities and child protection. The spectrum of human emotion croup be manipulated visually and imaginatively. Pictures can be formed mentally from descriptive rallying crys or even statistics. Charities use this to their advantage, this works extremely well. It is their superlative technique for persuasion. Charities unceasingly need to advertise due to competition. There argon hundreds of charities which help different causes and this is wherefore in that respect are so many different charities to give to which shows there is so much competition. On teetotum of this there is the National Lottery.Since the national lottery there has been a decrease in the physique of people giving to charity. The National Lottery is a huge profit making organisation and out of this they profit they do give to charity. However they only give a small proportion of their bills to charity and recently there has been some controversy on which charities they give to. Most charities excessively do not get government funding which means they rely on the public to donate money to keep their charity running. Charities advertise in various ways. These include the broadcast media which could be television or Radio, Print Media which consists of billboards, posters, untestedspaper (tabloids and broadsheets) and magazines we can also include advertising on the internet.Advertising is in truth beta in our culture and is always around us. Everything is advertised varying from houses to the clothes we wear and films we watch. Advertisements are a way to persuade people to do what you want them to do, whether it is to donate to to ur charity or to demoralize your product. Advertisements project been around for centuries, one of the starting advertisements was in a newspaper in 1704. This shows how long they have been around and how long people have had to learn how to manipulate them to their advantage.Charities mainly use the print media choice because it cheaper than television and radio advertisement. Also print media is much(prenominal)(prenominal) easily accessible to everybody unlike radio and television. This may also be advantageous because instead of having to write out a cheque the print media will probably have a tear off slip which can be to a greater extent convenient to send off. This has been utilize in the RSPCA leaflet.Charities target people who are financially stable and socially and globally aware of the problems people face in the world. This is because these sorts of people are more apparent to give because they are likely to feel guiltier than others and if they know some glo bal issues then are also likely to translate with these people. Charities can target their audience by advertising in certain newspapers such as broadsheets for utilisation The Guardian or The Telegraph. The type of people who read these sort of papers are more likely to give than people who read The Sun or The Daily Sport because they are probably more likely to be globally aware and they are probably fall in edu spew outed, so they have better jobs and would therefore would have a more disposable income to give to charities.The main purpose of the RSPCA is to prevent severeness to animals. We know this because it says The aims of the RSPCA are to prevent cruelty and promote kindness to animals. The main purpose of Christian Aid is to help people, regardless of their race or religion, to tackle the causes of poverty and in retrisolelyiveice. We know because the entropy at heart the leaflet shows us that they are trying to help people like Valliamma and Shashore have a life t o begin with Death. From the name Christian Aid people tend to believe that this charity only helps people who are Christian plainly this is not true, this name was made centuries hold up when this was not a multi-cultural society, as it is today, precisely it had to the name because they were to well known to change it.The Christian Aid leaflet uses an image of a keep drink on the front cover. This is a red colour, with the title Fresh Air. The words Fresh transfer are very steady as their slogan and also very emotive, as it tallys us ring of those people in undeveloped countries, who do not have anything moreover air. This image of a can is very solutionive because it reminds people of Coca Cola and western culture and capitalism. It shows how our culture has dominated the world, and how doomed some people are. The colour red is very effective because it has negative connotations of blood and death which reminds us of what is happening out in the world and becomes us w ant to donate money. On the back of the can there is a box titled Nutritional Information which is written in a considerable font to show that is the title, then the writing inside is a smaller font size. When we first plainspoken the poster our eyes are immediately led to the ikon on the left.This is because we read from left to reclaim so the left hand side is the primary optical area for us. The writing above the picture is in bold and in red. This is more eye- wanderching and we are more likely to read this forrader we read any of the other textual matter because the bright red and the dominance in the size of text will probably strike our attention sooner the other text would. There is a legend below the picture which is in a smaller font than the one which is apply for the rest of the writing. This has been on purpose made small because this information is not as important as the other text. On the right hand side, there is another photo and below it there is a capti on and in an even smaller font than this there are the Christian Aid contact details. This has been put at the throne of the rogue because it is the pull through thing that has been out on the page so it memorable. The biggest writing on this page is at the top of the page on the right.This is used to make sure that everyone reads this, even if they do not read the other text because this is the most important text. It also is the sharpen page of the three crushs, so it is also been put there as a big centre point. The right hand flap can then be pulled open to show more writing in the middle and on the right there are two small pictures surrounded by writing. The writing is broken into split ups so it receivems easier to digest instead having big chunks of text which some people may find off putting.The text is split in the middle with alternating bold red text then normal text. On the right hand side from each one paragraph starts off in bold with the words full 24 or 36. This is used to emphasise the amount of money, which for us is not a lot nevertheless for people in Africa is enough to build a life on. At the bottom again we have big, red, bold text, to stand out against the rest of the text as it is asking us to give us money and the CA do not want us to miss this. At the bottom we have the Christian Aid logo and below the slogan We Believe in Life before Death. This has been put here because this is the terminal optical area as it is the last thing we read on the right realiseg side when we read from left to right so we will remember this.The RSPCA leaflet shows a cat on the cover, sitting on a doorstep and staring at us. This scene sees absolutely normal. The target is in a bold pureness font which gives positive connotations as it makes us think of peace. At the bottom of the page on the right, we have the RSPCA logo in the terminal optical area which is effective because it makes it more identifiable and memorable. Then if we lift out the flap underneath, we see an image of what seems to be a normal house. There is a cat sitting on top of the sofa. The title on the top is written in a big black bold colour. This black colour gives negative connotations compared to the white heading on the first image because it is shows darkness.Below there is white writing which is smaller but is still in bold. It is now that we see the next picture which instantly gives very negative connotations from respectable weighing at it. There are faeces on the floor, it looks like a very omit area and there are tins of cat food as well. Using black and white to personalized credit line amidst negative and positive features is a very clever way to easily give the effect you want. The RSPCA advert has very little text compared to the CA advert and big pictures. They have also printed their advert in black and white whereas on the other hand the CA advert has been printed in colour. This was probably printed in black and white becau se it is cheaper so more leaflets can be printed within their budget, informing more people of their charity.Nowadays, charities are using more and more awful images in their adverts in order to make the audience empathise and feel sorry for these people. For example, a recent Barnardos advert showed a baby with a cockroach and a syringe in its mouth and this was banned because it was thought to be too shocking for the British public. This however is very effective, and if people were to believe that this kind of thing was happening then they would be more likely to give. However, this could have been made very shocking purposefully, to grab attention and to get publicity.When we first see the RSPCA advert we are confronted by a rhetorical question asking us whether this cat is happily watching the world go by. This makes us start to think whether something is going on and leads us to read on to see if there is anything going on. Then, when we open up the leaflet this question is a nswered, but in the form of another rhetorical question and in the background there is an image of a room. Then below this tile is writing. This writing is telling us what actually happened in this room. It talks about the cat Boots being soiled with faeces. They have used the name Boots to make it seem more personal to us. The faeces could have been replaced with excretion or pooh but faeces is used to make it sound more technical and scientific. This helps to make it more shocking and give the text more of an impact.Short sentence organize is used to make the proofreader remember, short sentences are also more effective than long sentences, which helps the reader remember what is said. Then on the back we have a zoom in on what has happened. It has information of an advice line and national cruelty helpline places next to a phone. At the end the text This was just one is placed in the terminal optical area which makes the sentence stay in the persons mind. Moving back to the mid dle scratch there is a photograph of three kittens staring at us. It seems as if they are asking for help when they look at us. This is called the look to camera technique. The title uses an opinion which is made to look like a fact when it is not necessarily true that Boots ahs found a loving new family. Below the picture there is a black box which is used to draw our attention.The writing inside this box uses triadic structure and repetition of 3 a month in bold then what this can do to help being listed three sequences. At the end it says Please help. This is a polite request. This is used because it is harder to decline a polite request than it is a normal request. Again in the last section we have the cat using the look to camera technique which seems as if the cat is asking us Please be my fighter? The title uses emotional blackmail when it says Ill be a friend for life to defenceless animals suffering from cruelty. This is effective because it makes us want to be their fri end, and protect them from cruelty. This advert uses many examples of rhetorical questions, because they are thought evoking and make us want to read on, until we reach the end, where we meet the sponsor form.Dying for a drink? Imagine if this was all you had to drink today. This opening question is a rhetorical question and has alliteration. It persuades you to imagine, a natural reaction is to do so. It gives a vibrant picture and feeling, making you empathize with these people. There is a lot of detail given in the first sentence, which is a very safe way to draw in the reader to move forth into the leaflet. On the back of the can there is a box titled Nutritional Information. Inside this box are facts. These facts are shocking but interesting and lead us to read on inside the leaflet. This is the purpose of the front cover of the Christian aids leaflet. As we open the leaflet at the top we are given the title How one well helped save a community from extinction. The word extin ction seems very powerful and this title amazes us to know that just one well could make such a difference. Below the picture we see more facts about how they helped so many other people in Mali by building ergocalciferol concrete wells. The first paragraph tells us what is happening in Mali and the problems. In the second paragraph we are told about what they did about it.The chief of tonsogou, Abdoulaye Togo, is described as dynamic and determined. This is used to make people think that he is a good person and that we should send money to help him. Also, using the persons name makes it seem more personal. The third paragraph tells us the effects of them fortune this village. The word flourished is used because it gives off very positive connotations. There is a quote from one of the villagers byword that now they have more time to spin cotton. This is also very positive because it shows now that they have clean water and they can work, and treat their products so they will get m ore money. The next flap uses a quote right at the beginning. This quote is very emotive and moving, and makes us think again, of the image we thought of from the first rhetorical question. This gets us thinking again and we empathize with these people. This next paragraph uses the word Imagine at the beginning of each sentence.This is used to involve us and to again make us empathize with these people. It uses statistics such as 1.1 meg people and one- sixth of the worlds population to shock us. The flap is then opened up and we see the centre page which is carried on talking about people like Yalaya and how they have helped the village become more self-sufficient. This makes us realize that by us helping them, we are helping them help themselves. The next part talks about how after building the well the people of tinsogou got together with 14 other villages and between them built their own health centre. This is very impressive to us and it makes us think that it is worth helping these people because they can help other people by making a health centre. It also says that they have made a school. This is good because then the future generations can be educated and may not have to struggle in life as that village once did.The next paragraph consists of the quote When we realized what we could achieve we didnt want to stop at the well. We wanted to go on and make other things happen for the village. This quote shows that CA is a charity that is very determined to help people out in every way they can. The rest of the flap says that so much was achieved by just one gift of water, and that today we can be part of these achievements by donating. This makes us want to be part of these achievements and helping other people out. It says the battle against poverty. This is a very powerful, effective sentence, full of strong words such as battle, and poverty to persuade us to give money, so that we do win the battle against poverty. It also talks about this being a di fference we can make and it says occupy do.This is a polite request because it asks us nicely but in a way it is also telling us to do it. The last flap informs us that Just 24 buys eight bags of cement, to help a community like Valiammas in Sri Lanka. It makes it very personal now when it almost introduces her by saying she has seven children and that she only earns xx pence a day selling rice flour. It is very emotive because she uses twenty pence to feed seven children and herself and we spend twenty pounds going out to a restaurant, eating what we want. The use of the word just is also very effective because for in a commercialized, developed country like ours twenty four pounds is not a lot of money.The same thing is repeated in the next paragraph but this time it is thirty six pounds for Shashore in Ethiopia to give money so that she can suffer her own trees, because the food that she grows only lasts for five months. This also makes us think how lucky we are that we can h ave as much food as we like, and more whenever like as we are constantly surrounded by shops and restaurants. The last paragraph asks us to help Valliamma and Sahashore have a life before death. This is a clever way to use their slogan A life before death. This slogan is very effective because religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, believe in re-incarnation and even Christianity believes in heaven and hell which is life after death, but CA wants people to have a life before they die.Both adverts are very effective. However, I believe that the RSPCA leaflet is more effective because they have used more persuasive devices and emotive language where as the Christian Aid leaflet mainly states facts and when it uses persuasive devices it is very crying so it is not as effective. An example of this from Christian Aid is Please give whatever you can today and help more people like Valliamma and Shashore have a life before death. The images used in the RSPCA advert is very emotive when i t has the animal looking at you, especially in the last image, because it seems as if the cat is asking for help. I believe that the RSPCA would get more support from the public because of the fact that Britain is well known for caring about animals. For example we only have a National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children but we have a Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. then I believe that more people would give to the RSPCA than to Christian Aid.

Plato and Mill on the relationship between individual and society Essay Example for Free

Plato and manufacturing plant on the birth among individual and smart set EssayPlato was born(p) around 428-7 BC, he s clumpd for the nigh actuate of his life in A pasts, and had much to say about Athenian democracy. mess about was born much afterwards in London in 1806, just now although on the whole over 2 thousand years of political philosophical system divide the two, much of the same issues and links arise in both their work though often with satisfyingly contrastive outlooks.Despite their differing opinions Plato and hang around be both antithetical, or in other words deal that the tyranny of the legal age is to be feared. Plato be deceptionves that individuals are selfish and pursue their own self-inte take a breathers at the expense of the rest of the world, and follow their own moral path. The philosopher individual is epitomised by the Gadfly. The bloke is referred to by Plato in the Apology, to describe Socrates relationship with the Athenian p olitical scene. Socrates believed he irritated for the purpose of leading mass closer to the truth to combust race and whip them into a fury, all in the service of truth.The gadfly describes a person who upsets the situation quo by posing lots of questions. Plato states that while the gadfly is easy to swat, the cost to society of silencing an individual exactly when because of his irritancy could be extremely high. This invitems to contradict some of what he has to say on his republic, as he stifles the degrade class citizens in the Kallipolis, counting their opinions as obsolete in comparison to the philosophers. The gadfly is also menti integrityd in the Bible in the Book of Jeremiah also relating to political influence Egypt is a very fair heifer the gadfly cometh, it cometh from the North. Plato believes that Democracy fosters the wrong kind of individual, hence the Kallipolis, which is the inverse of Democracy, intentional to bring about the right appearance of livin g.In Platos view, an individual is fulfilled by the contribution that he or she makes to the overall functioning of the community, and the Kallipolis is designed to make this possible for everyone. Platos state also prys the individuality of its members and treats them equally. In Platos republic, the state limits the license of its individuals, but only to ensure that all the members receive the same amount of license. In effect, Plato believes that the repression of individual freedom results in equal freedom for the society as a whole.This is contrasted to lallygag, whose view is that, excluding children, the individual is sovereign over himself, his personify and his mind. Interference in an individuals beliefs or actions is wrong. Unless it is known that one is inflicting constipation upon a nonher, interference is non justified. Mill has collar liberties that are the hallmark of a free society- the first is the freedom of images and sentiment on all subjects, includin g freedom of expression and publication.The second liberty is the freedom of taste the fact that others may disapprove of an individuals actions or beliefs, is not justified by Mill as the basis of interference, for example homosexuality. The third and final liberty essential for a free society is the freedom of individuals to unite as considerable as the resulting union does not lead to others being harmed as a result. Mill forbids coercion and deception within the union, as he believes it is unjustified to necessitate a direct negative impact on the utility of others (this does not feign doing something which someone else does not agree with).Mill encourages individualism and self-development or human flourishing as he believes that it bequeath only benefit society, as the individuals depart be able to tally more if they flip their full potential and are allowed to develop their own ideals and opinions. Mill has concerns over the limits of which power groundwork be legit imately exercised by society over the individual. Safeguards are indispensable to ensure that the majority does not crucify the nonage. Mankind would be no more justified in silencing one person, than that one person if he had the power would be justified in silencing mankind.Plato believes that false opinions could be dangerous to society, whereas Mill would say they were necessary in order to help obtain the truth, something that we as humans so desperately strive to obtain. Plato believes that grateful our desires is something scarcely worth caring about, whereas Mill would encourage us to do so as dogged as it brings utility rather than harm. Free discussion in Mills opinion will only aid us in getting closer to the truth, as who is to decide what is true if there is no proof? A combination of views, questions and opinions are better than one view or opinion that is intractable to be true, and not questioned. There are always people who will disagree with something that oth ers agree with, so who is right?Plato believes that in order to harbor a productive and harmonious society, conditioning or instruct is necessary to ensure that the members actual desires coincide as far as possible with their solid desires, olibanum reducing conflict. Mill would argue that this is in a sense brainwashing the individuals to believe that they are smart and that they are fulfilling desires, when in fact they are only fulfilling what the Philosopher Kings have told them they desire. Plato believes in critical freedom, which the Kallipolis is intended to deliver the goods to its members as much as their nature permits, Mill however believes in actual freedom in which all is permitted but harm (The Harm Principle).Mills rejection of social contracts is accompanied with the acceptance of certain rules of lend in our dealing with others in return for the protection we receive from society. For example, we are bound to observe and respect the rights of others and acc ording to him As soon as any part of a persons conduct affects prejudicially the interests of others, society has legal power over it. Otherwise Mill states that foolish actions do not deserve penalties, and that mature individuals should be left(p) to develop and coagulate their own views and act on their own impulses. All society merchant ship do is help educate its members as to what is moral and immoral before they reach the state of maturity and therefrom the freedom they have a right to.Platos similes are used to demonstrate the negative aspects of democracy and Athenian politicians. The simile of the cave is used to show how politicians will conceal the truth from the people (represented by the prisoners). The people are ignorant and do not possess the fellowship that they deserve. The prisoners are bound and only have a view of the wall in front of them, there is a fire behind them, amongst them and the wall is nothing. All that the prisoners can see are shadows of them selves, and of the objects behind them. The prisoners naively believe that the shadows are real as they have nothing else upon which to base their familiarity. One of the prisoners manages to escape from the cave, and in the light of the sun sees the real world for the first time. He realises that all this time he was deceived by shadows.This man, if according to Plato is in obstinance of the capacity for knowledge and wisdom will feel it is his duty to go back to the cave, release his lumberjack prisoners and enlighten them. The other prisoners are hard to persuade however, as his exposure to the sunlight renders him unable to see the shadows as clearly as before, and so the prisoners just cerebrate that he is less intelligent than when he was trapped. Plato justifies the Philosopher Kings lying to the people in order to protect them. Plato argues the urgency of a structured organised society separate from the outside world in which every individual reaches their maximum potent ial and has a essential part to play in contributing all they can to their community as a whole. pedagogy is available to all members of the Kallipolis regardless of gender.Mill states in his introductory chapter to On Liberty that the struggle between liberty and authority is the most conspicuous feature. Mill developed a principle to counteract what he calls the interference of collective opinion on an individuals independence, this principle was called the Liberty principle. Mill and Plato have different styles of communicating their points, Mill expresses his ideas in the form of discursive arguments, Plato however expresses his ideas in the form of dialogue, something which Mill praises Plato for regardless of their opposed conclusions. Platos Kallipolis, or utopia is designed as a hierarchical state consisting of cardinal different classes, the Producers, the Auxiliaries, and the Guardians.These three different classes will have very different experiences of life, and whic h one they will lead depends on their capacity for knowledge. The three classes experience different upbringings, and receive different levels of education. Plato contradicts himself, he says that all people in the Kallipolis should be friends and equals that he also unashamedly states that the Producers will not be able to choose how they wish to live their lives, and that their opinions are the least worthy. The Producers are in effect not free, but rather slaves to their senior be class, the Guardians. The Producers are purview to be the least intelligent mass of the population, and they are therefore expected to desire and believe their rulers.This is justified by Plato because it is better for them to be under the control of divine wisdom something that the minority of the population possess, and what makes those that do worthy to rule over all others. Platos belief is that if these less intelligent people are allowed to think freely, then they will make the wrong choices, and an individual is only worth what they contribute to their community as a whole. This means that personal desires are not as important as the overall functioning of the community, which is immaculately ruled by the Philosopher Kings who have the ability to learn and retain the knowledge leaded to rule and guide the citizens of the Kallipolis.Mills views contradict these of Platos his liberalist view is that the individual is important in creating the desire environment within the state and is worthy of reaching their full potential in all areas. Mill considers freedoms of opinion and of actions necessary, and his Harm Principle was do to help protect other individuals from being hurt. Mill believes that individuals have a fundamental right to discover and develop their knowledge to their maximum capacity with the absence of a priori constraints.Platos view on the freedom of individual development of knowledge is that it is the despotism of custom. Mill prioritises the freedom o f thought and expression he believes that unless we push an argument to its overbearing limit, then we cannot claim to fully understand it. Mill says that we must listen to everyone, even those that offend us, or those who we believe to be irrelevant. Mills justification for this is that if one person speaks out against an otherwise unanimous society about a certain topic, and they are right, then they could enlighten the mass to the truth. If they speak out and are found to be wrong, then they have patently helped the mass come closer to the truth by falsely opposing it.Platos similarity of the beast shows how politicians will keep society happy in the short term, while not regarding what is best for them in the long term. It works on the basis of keeping the people satisfied rather than truly doing what is best for them (according to Plato). The steward of the Beast manipulates it with what is wants at the time by giving it treats, with no regards for its health. It is made c lear however that the Beast is manipulating the keeper too, by getting what it currently desires out of him. For this reason Plato says that freedom to do what one wants when ignoring the absolute truth, or the long term real effects of certain action or decision can be damaging to the inward do chief(prenominal) of consciousness.Similarly, his analogy of the Ship of State depicts his attitude on Athenian democracy. The captain of the ship is stronger than any of the crew, but he lacks the skill of working on and handling the boat. The crew argue over who should be in control, and beg the captain to allow them to take control of the ship. Those who survive turn the voyage into a drunken pleasure cruise. The true navigator or star-gazer is overlooked by his fellow men although he is the only one skilled enough to actually guide the ship, he possesses the art of navigation, and seamanship. He is unable to gain the control needed to steer the ship to guard duty. The captain represent s Athenian citizens responsive only to the rhetoric of the crew, the crew represent the politicians, they are manipulative and are not implicated with the truth, but rather power.Plato says that eventually the crew will ask the navigator for help, sacrificing their freedom and control for their safety and social benefit. The navigator is capable of using his knowledge of astronomy (knowledge of Being) to help guide the ship and those on it through a world of constantly changing and sometimes-dangerous weather conditions (the world of Becoming). The crew must autumn to the navigator, as he possesses not opinions or beliefs, but facts. The crew have to cognize his superior knowledge and therefore his authority, although they would fail to do so if it did not ultimately benefit them. Mill would argue that this analogy is incomplete, for the crew are able to be taught the skill of navigation themselves and do not need to entrust solely on the star-gazer, wouldnt a crew of capable na vigators be better than just one?Mill would argue that it is vital for the well being of the state to be able to argue against the truth. He argues the confirmatory value of blasphemy as it challenges assumptions that are established as being right or wrong. We can criticise Mill for assuming that all individuals are capable of being rational and having rational thoughts and discussions. Equally, Plato fails to recognise the need for questioning and testing and assumes that people will accept sacrificing their freedom because he tells them too. If the tyranny of the majority is to be feared then why would Plato tack the minority in power, and deprive the majority of control over their lives and the lives of their children?Mill and Plato hold the same or similar views on the issue of gender. Plato says that all citizens of the Republic, male or female will have access to equal education, as gender is obsolete when knowledge is the main focus, although a woman could never become a P hilosopher Ruler. In 1869 Mill wrote The Subjection of Women, in which he encouraged and supported equal rights for both genders. Mill encouraged the equal rights for women on the basis of utility. He argued that we could not criticise women for being less skilled than men if we did not give them equal probability to try. He also said that society could not be at its best when half the population could contribute nothing to society outside of the home.Plato had a number of conditions that he says will help exploit the usefulness of all members of society, the stories which children are told must be authorised, and there is the censorship of music and the restriction of nucleus and fish unless it is roasted. Children are to be removed from their parents and are not to know who their parents are and visa versa.They are to call all males old enough father and all females mother, the purpose of this was to minimise private possessive emotions therefore reinforcing their focus on the ir relationship with their community. Deformed children and children of inferior breeding will be put away in some mysterious unknown place as they ought to be. The works of Homer and Hesiod, two of the earliest Greek poets are banned, as they encourage their readers to fear death, and depict the heavens as being filled with the inextinguishable laughter of the blessed Gods. Plato on the other hand banned loud laughter.Mill would argue that this repression is an infringement of basic human rights, and the suppression of individual development and human flourishing will do nothing but hinder the development and progression of mankind. How can society benefit if most individuals are at a disadvantage as to developing their own unique skills? Plato classifies people in three groups, as gold, the best members of society fit to be guardians, as silver members fit to be soldiers, and the common herd of brass and iron, fit only to be the producers.This is what Plato describes as the one ro yal lie used to deceive both the rulers, and the rest of the city, if he can justify lying about Gods creation of the three differing classes of people then why is he justified in choosing which one they belong to? fosterage is organised with the strongest members of society used simply to keep the population constant and as best bred as they can be. The strongest of sires are allowed to have the most children and the weaker ones less.The fundamental difference between Mill and Plato is that while Plato wished to radically change the structure of society in order to condition and force the people to behave and think in a certain way, Mill would leave the people to develop naturally, yet offer them all the education and teaching needed to steer them away from negative things and intervene only when one is inflicting harm upon another. Mills two main criticisms of Platos republic are that the proper function of the state is to regulate behaviour, not to encourage one or anothers set of belief or values.The second is that tolerance should be qualified to cases where it does not undermine the moral foundations of the community. He would argue that social bigotry should be restrained for the rice beer of encouraging freedom of thought and expression. Mill endorses Grotes admiration of Athenian tolerance, as tolerance is a necessity and encourages genius as a society may have persons of talentbut genius in such a soil is fatally stunted in its growth.Plato on the other hand criticises Athenian tolerance on the basis that the maintenance of public emotions requires repression by both law and by non-legal sanctions. He held the belief that Athenian tolerance undermines civic spirit required for the furtherance of the tolerant society itself. Aristotle, a student of Platos born in 384BC stated that it is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. It is interesting that somebody taught by Plato would recognise the need for the self-development of opinion, something that Mill believes to be essential for a progressive society. Mill states that his father taught him to value Plato and his contributions to philosophy, and he says that he does just that. He called himself a innovator when he began his translations of Platos work.Perhaps this was because he believed that the time that separated the two philosophers had made way for changes albeit dramatic, to Platos ideas that would concur with the sophisticated world. Mill criticised Plato for trying to show that lawfulness is in the individuals interest, but also for attempting to give justification that virtue should be preferred at all. Neither Plato nor Mills work is flawless, so criticisms can be made on their errors and self-contradictions, yet both of these men helped advance philosophy immensely, and provided the basis of much discussion and debate. For Mill, freedom is necessary and desirable by both the individual and society. For Plato however f reedom is not of fundamental concern it is far more important to live according to the eternal and immutable truths. Herein lays the biggest contrast in the works of these two influential philosophers as regards the relationship between the individual and society.